%0 Journal Article
%T Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cytokine Levels: IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α
%A Wei Chen
%A Li Zhang
%A Rui Zhao
%J Journal of Orthodontic and Periodontal Biomaterials Research
%D 2024
%V 4
%N 2
%P 113-123
%X Hormonal fluctuations, primarily in progesterone and estrogen during the menstrual cycle, may influence periodontal tissues, with inflammatory cytokines playing a crucial role. Therefore, our primary objective was to assess clinical periodontal parameters and measure levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) throughout the menstrual cycle. This longitudinal prospective study was conducted from February to April 2022 and included 50 participants. We assessed clinical periodontal parameters—plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and tooth mobility—at three stages of the menstrual cycle: menstruation day, ovulation day, and premenstrual day. Additionally, GCF samples were collected using paper points. These samples were then stored and analyzed for levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. There were 25 participants in our study. The GI, PD, and CAL increased significantly during the menstrual cycle and were significantly higher during the premenstrual phase than in the ovulation phase (P
%U https://galaxypub.co/article/influence-of-the-menstrual-cycle-on-gingival-crevicular-fluid-cytokine-levels-il-1b-il-6-and-tnf-euoupgdnmt01ecv