%0 Journal Article
%T Optimization of Adapalene Microsponge Fabrication Parameters and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Biological Efficacy
%A Marcus Silva
%A Thiago Rocha
%A Daniel Nunes
%J Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Design
%@ 3062-4428
%D 2025
%V 5
%N 1
%R 10.51847/WmpWYgBkny
%P 135-151
%X This study aimed to investigate microsponges (MS) as a drug delivery system using Adapalene (ADA) as the model compound.A Plackett-Burman design was employed to identify the critical factors influencing ADA-MS formulation. Microsponges were prepared via the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique. The independent variables examined included organic phase volume, sonication duration, stirring speed, drug loading percentage, polymer type, emulsifier concentration, and the method of organic phase addition. Dependent outcomes assessed were entrapment efficiency (E.E.%), production yield (P.Y.%), particle size (P.S.), and morphology. Selected ADA-loaded microsponges (ADA-MS) were further evaluated in vitro for cytotoxicity, cell viability post-UVA exposure, and antimicrobial efficacy.Results revealed that drug loading, polymer type, and surfactant concentration were the primary determinants of E.E.% and P.Y.%, whereas drug loading, stirring speed, and organic phase volume significantly influenced particle size and morphology. ADA-MS exhibited pronounced cytotoxicity against A431 and M10 cell lines, particularly when Eudragit RS100 was used as the polymer. Additionally, ADA-MS improved HFB-4 cell viability following UVA irradiation by 14–43%, notably with Ethyl Cellulose as the polymer. Incorporation into microsponges also enhanced ADA’s antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The Plackett-Burman design effectively identified formulation parameters impacting ADA-MS quality, while ADA’s in vitro biological activities were significantly enhanced through microsponge encapsulation, highlighting microsponges as a promising carrier system for ADA.
%U https://galaxypub.co/article/optimization-of-adapalene-microsponge-fabrication-parameters-and-evaluation-of-their-in-vitro-biolog-yjwzkk3arwjstod