TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pharmacogenomic Actionability Is a Clinical State, Not a Genotype Label: Integrating Phenoconversion, Drug–Drug–Gene Interactions, Competing Risks, and Guideline Discordance in Precision Prescribing
A1  - Sofía Martínez
A1  - Carlos Gómez
A1  - Lucia Navarro
JF  - Annals of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapy
JO  - Ann Pharm Pract Pharmacother
SN  - 3062-4436
Y1  - 2026
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
DO  - 10.51847/Q522rgVKY2
SP  - 21
EP  - 30
N2  - Pharmacogenomic results are often represented as durable patient attributes: a genotype is translated into a predicted phenotype, linked to a prescribing recommendation, and stored for future use. This representation captures the persistence of genomic information but can obscure the conditional nature of clinical actionability. Drug exposure, enzyme inhibition, polypharmacy, competing therapeutic priorities, guideline methodology, and the practical capacity to act can change while genotype remains constant. This Perspective argues that pharmacogenomic actionability is therefore better conceptualized as a dynamic clinical state than as a fixed genotype label. The analysis integrates four problems that are frequently handled separately: phenoconversion, drug–drug–gene interactions, competing risks, and non-equivalent pharmacogenomic guidance. It distinguishes stable genomic information from current functional phenotype, regimen-level interaction context, the clinical importance of the gene–drug relationship, competing benefits and harms, and the recommendation source being interpreted. A proposed clinical-state model treats actionability as time-indexed and potentially reversible: the same genomic result may support action, conditional action, or no immediate change as medications, disease state, evidence, and care context evolve. This framing has implications for medication review and clinical decision support because pharmacogenomic information should remain reusable without implying that a previous recommendation remains appropriate indefinitely. The model is conceptual rather than prospectively validated. Its components have heterogeneous evidential strength, phenoconversion does not uniformly predict clinical outcomes, guideline differences may reflect legitimate differences in remit, and implementation capacity varies across health systems. Prospective testing is therefore required before the proposed state model can be treated as a clinical decision rule.
UR  - https://galaxypub.co/article/pharmacogenomic-actionability-is-a-clinical-state-not-a-genotype-label-integrating-phenoconversion-xkqq6rxi5wkbpea
ER  -