Enhancing Mini-Implant Outcomes: An Experimental Study on the Effect of Stabilization Discs

Orthodontic mini-implants often face challenges related to mobility and anchorage loss. The stabilization disc (SD), a flat device with four prongs made from biocompatible metals like titanium or stainless steel, has been developed to reinforce implant stability by distributing forces more evenly and reducing localized stress around the implant site. This study investigates how the inclusion of an SD affects the mechanical performance of mini-implants under orthodontic forces. A finite element model was constructed for a standard mini-implant (2.0 mm diameter, 12 mm length), and the mandible was reconstructed in three dimensions from CT images using SpaceClaim 2023.1. Orthodontic loading conditions were simulated by applying a 10 N force at a 30° angle. The study evaluated the impact of the SD on implant stability by measuring displacement, stress distribution, and cortical bone response, including von Mises stress and bone deformation. Mini-implants equipped with the SD showed a reduction in maximum displacement exceeding 41%, with stress more evenly spread across the implant and surrounding bone. Cortical bone deformation and stress levels were lower with the SD, indicating stronger anchorage and improved durability. The SD enhances mini-implant stability by mitigating stress concentrations and limiting deformation, all without permanent modifications to the implant. Its adaptability to different bone densities and capacity to withstand high orthodontic forces suggest it is a promising tool for improving anchorage in orthodontic treatment.