Choriocarcinoma is a highly aggressive neoplasm of trophoblastic origin, which can be classified as either gestational or non-gestational. The majority of cases are gestational, arising from either normal or abnormal pregnancies. This review examines the prevalence and risk factors of choriocarcinoma by analyzing the available literature. The research team conducted a comprehensive search of databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. They screened articles based on titles and abstracts using Rayyan QCRI, followed by an in-depth review of the full text. 7 studies involving 353 patients diagnosed with gestational trophoblastic disease were considered, with patient ages ranging from 21 to 55 years. The observed decline in prevalence is attributed to improvements in the socio-medical landscape in Saudi Arabia. In terms of clinical manifestations, gastrointestinal symptoms, including melena and hemoptysis, were noted in two case reports. The review concluded that choriocarcinoma can present in a variety of ways, from asymptomatic lesions to metastatic conditions. In Saudi Arabia, this malignancy is rare, with the majority of reports being case studies. Identified risk factors include low socio-medical status, multiparity, abortion, and hypertension.
