Comparative Analysis of Clinical Trials, Therapeutic Uses, Pharmacokinetics, and Adverse Effects of Approved Platinum-Based Drugs

Platinum-based complexes represent some of the most widely used anticancer agents. This study aims to collect, analyze, and comparatively evaluate clinical trials and therapeutic indications of currently approved platinum derivatives, including Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin, Nedaplatin (Japan), Lobaplatin (China), Heptaplatin (North Korea), and Satraplatin. Another objective is to summarize the historical development of these drugs and to compare their pharmacokinetic properties, adverse effects, and dose-limiting factors. Observational data on pharmacokinetics indicate that protein binding decreases in the following order: Cisplatin (95%), Oxaliplatin (90%), Nedaplatin (50%), and Carboplatin (low). More than 1000 clinical trials have been reported for each of Cisplatin, Carboplatin, and Oxaliplatin, whereas Lobaplatin, Nedaplatin, and Satraplatin have approximately 10 trials each. Differences in dose-limiting toxicities include neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity for Cisplatin; neurotoxicity for Oxaliplatin; nephrotoxicity for Heptaplatin; and myelosuppression—manifesting as thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, or leukopenia—for Carboplatin, Nedaplatin, and Satraplatin.