Conventional and Advanced Therapeutic Approaches in Breast Cancer Treatment

Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, and occasionally occurs in men. The majority of deaths related to breast cancer, over 90%, are due to delayed detection, which allows the disease to spread to other organs. The diagnostic process usually involves a biopsy, supported by imaging techniques such as MRI and CT scans, to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment planning. This review examines various treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy, which are selected based on the molecular characteristics of the breast cancer. Treatment options for breast cancer are diverse and encompass both traditional and modern therapies. Traditional approaches include oncoplastic breast surgery, radiation therapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy, while advanced treatments focus on systemic treatments, including targeted therapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy. These advanced treatments are designed to specifically target cancer cells, minimize side effects, and increase the overall effectiveness of the treatment. Treatment decisions are influenced by factors such as the molecular subtypes of breast cancer, the patient’s overall health, personal preferences, and regular screening results.