Evaluating the Clinical Efficacy of Antiviral Treatments for SARS-CoV-2

The virus that creates COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, is highly contagious and typically replicates in the upper and lower respiratory tract to cause atypical pneumonia in humans. The gastrointestinal and cardiovascular tissues that contain its primary binding receptor, ACE2, may also be infected. A variety of therapeutic approaches have been investigated and modified to reduce the potentially dangerous clinical consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there isn't a proven cure for this illness at the moment. Clinical reports of the potential effectiveness of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs in reducing viral load, mechanical ventilation, recovery time, case fatality rates, and length of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients were reviewed in this literature review. Neutralizing antibodies such as casirivimab/imdevimab, bamlanivimab/etesevimab, and CT-P59 are clinically effective, particularly in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and reducing hospitalization and mortality; antiviral drugs such as sofosbuvir/daclatasvir, nitazoxanide, and favipiravir may be effective; and remdesivir, an antiviral approved by the FDA for severe disease, has suboptimal effect. Further studies of novaferon and nafamostat-mesylate are needed to confirm the promising findings. In conclusion, a range of antiviral strategies, such as remdesivir and neutralizing antibodies, may help reduce the impact of the virus, even though effective treatments for COVID-19 remain elusive. Even though vaccinations can prevent COVID-19, very few people worldwide have received it. Therefore, studies on anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy must continue.