Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder caused by antibodies that attack the neuromuscular junction. These antibodies target and damage postsynaptic components by binding to the postsynaptic muscle end-plate, leading to disrupted signal transmission and resulting in muscle weakness and fatigue. Advances in understanding the immunological mechanisms behind myasthenia gravis have led to the development of targeted immunotherapies. This review examines the subgroups of myasthenia gravis, therapeutic advances, and the impact of myasthenia gravis on pregnancy and its management. While many patients with myasthenia gravis experience mild to moderate symptoms and manage the condition well, the focus now is on developing therapies that either minimize or enhance tolerance to the specific autoimmune responses that cause the production of autoimmune antibodies and muscle weakness. Certain medications commonly used in obstetrics can worsen the condition. The effects of pregnancy on myasthenia gravis can vary significantly from woman to woman and between pregnancies in the same individual. Common treatments include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and proper rest. In some cases, intrauterine exposure to antibodies can lead to temporary effects in newborns.
