Corrections and Retractions

Galaxy Publication and its journals are committed to maintaining the accuracy, integrity, and reliability of the scholarly record.

Where errors, ethical concerns, or issues affecting the validity or integrity of published work are identified or reported, journals may publish corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions in accordance with internationally recognized publication ethics principles and editorial policies.

Corrections may be issued to address material errors that do not invalidate the overall findings of an article but require clarification or amendment to maintain the accuracy of the published record.

An expression of concern may be published when substantial questions arise regarding the integrity, ethics, or reliability of a publication and further investigation is ongoing.

Articles may be retracted in cases involving major errors, unreliable findings, plagiarism, research misconduct, duplicate publication, unethical research practices, or other circumstances that significantly compromise the integrity of the work.

Retraction notices will clearly state the reason for retraction and the party initiating the action. Retracted articles will remain part of the scholarly record and will be clearly identified as retracted.

Editorial decisions regarding corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions are conducted transparently and under the authority of Editors and Editorial Boards in accordance with recognized publication ethics standards and journal policies.