Exploring Potential Mutations in Human P53 Lymphocytes: Identification and Diagnostic Approaches

This study investigated potential mutations in the P-53 gene in B lymphocytes from patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The expression of the p-53 protein was analyzed using the ELISA technique in twenty CLL patients across stages II-IV. In 17 out of 20 cases, the mean p-53 protein levels were 16.76 μg/dl, with a statistical probability of P = 0.034 and a coefficient of variation of 0.5%. The results showed that as CLL progresses, the amount of p-53 positive isoform proteins increases, with 15 ± 2% positivity in stages 1-2 and 100% in stages 3-4. Previous research has shown that the p-53 protein is involved in the inhibition of proteins such as protein kinase B, AMPK, and mTOR, which are involved in autophagy. This activity suggests that p-53 could be crucial for the development of novel therapies targeting autophagy in cancer cells. The ELISA technique has proven to be an effective prognostic tool, especially for customizing treatments when patients exhibit resistance to initial treatments.