The popularity of Nigerian walnuts (Tetracarpidium conophorum) for dietary and medicinal purposes has surged, leading to a scarcity in the markets where they are sold. This study explores the walnut's classification, characteristics, phytochemical composition, nutritional value, and therapeutic properties. There is an increasing trend in research focused on leveraging Nigerian walnuts for drug development. The walnut has shown potential in areas such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-chelating, and blood pressure regulation. It also possesses anti-lipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-malarial, antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anticancer qualities. Furthermore, it has been noted to enhance reproductive health by boosting sperm count and quality, promoting wound healing, and alleviating ulcers and stomach issues. The walnut's benefits extend to energy enhancement, weight management, disease prevention, and support for bone and tissue repair. This positions it as a valuable resource in alternative and complementary medicine. The striking similarities between Nigerian walnut and bitter kola in their dietary and medicinal properties call for more in-depth studies. Drug developers and researchers should continue to explore its potential in creating novel treatments for diseases that are difficult to manage globally.
