Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health threat due to its high morbidity and mortality rates in untreated cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters in patients with VL in ElGadarif State, Sudan. Blood samples were collected from 39 VL patients for the analysis of complete blood count (CBC) and clinical chemical tests. The CBC was analyzed, and clinical chemistry tests were performed using a Biosystem analyzer with relevant reagents. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software. The results showed a significant decrease in levels of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets (PLT) in the VL group compared to the control group, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was elevated in the VL group. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) showed no significant difference between the two groups. Liver and renal function tests showed that urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly higher in VL patients than in the control group, while creatinine and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed only mild increases. Furthermore, a comparison between ambisome and sodium stibogluconate (SSG) treatments showed a non-significant increase in urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, and ALP in the Ambisome group. VL patients showed anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, alongside slight increases in urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes. Ambisome treatment was associated with a more significant increase in urea and a mild elevation in creatinine and AST compared to SSG treatment.
