Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review

Bladder cancer is a common malignancy of the urinary system, with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) being the most common, accounting for the majority of cases (90-95%). This type of cancer typically affects people in their 60s and 70s, and men are affected significantly more often than women. Other types of bladder cancers, including epithelial and mesenchymal tumors, make up the remaining 5-10%. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is rare, contributing to only 1-3% of all bladder cancers. When only small amounts of squamous differentiation are present, the tumor is not categorized as SCC. SCC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to a poorer prognosis for patients. The main factor associated with the development of SCC is chronic irritation, often caused by conditions such as recurrent urinary infections, bladder stones, or schistosomiasis. In this report, we present a 70-year-old male patient who exhibited symptoms of blood in the urine, discomfort, and decreased urination frequency. A biopsy performed on the thickened bladder tissue confirmed the presence of well-differentiated SCC.