This review presents a comprehensive overview of Ipomoea batatas L., belonging to the Ipomoea genus, highlighting its traditional uses, nutritional profile, phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and toxicity evaluations. Information was gathered from scientific databases and online search engines. Sweet potatoes are traditionally utilized in many countries as sources of dietary fiber, remedies for allergies, and energy boosters, particularly in the management of diabetes mellitus. Key phytochemicals in Ipomoea batatas include phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, while its nutritional components comprise vitamin C, protein, fiber, carbohydrates, β-carotene, and essential minerals. The plant demonstrates diverse pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Phytochemical content varies among different plant parts, and the pharmacological effects and mechanisms are influenced by the specific phytochemicals, plant part, variety, and extraction method. Nevertheless, additional research is needed to assess the chronic toxicity of Ipomoea batatas.
