Multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune demyelinating illness, is a common disease in young adults. Low vitamin D levels are a risk factor associated with multiple sclerosis. Numerous regulatory functions, particularly those related to the immune system, depend on vitamin D. Following the discovery of seasonal and geographic variations in the incidence of multiple sclerosis worldwide, it was suggested 50 years ago that vitamin D may play a role in the risk of developing and relapsing multiple sclerosis. This literature review aims to investigate how vitamin D may influence the development or recurrence of multiple sclerosis. The following mesh terms were used to select 21 articles: Cholecalciferol, vitamin D, multiple sclerosis, and relapses of multiple sclerosis. In addition to the indirect beneficial effects of sunlight exposure, vitamin D appears to be crucial for the immunological mechanisms underlying multiple sclerosis. To the best of our knowledge, there is no clear consensus regarding the precise role that vitamin D plays in helping people with MS. It is recommended that more multi-center randomized clinical trials be conducted to determine whether vitamin D can prevent or treat MS.
