Written by Sara Al-Fahd
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
Mechanistic language in molecular pharmacognosy often compresses several distinct evidentiary questions into a single claim: whether the phytochemical entity is correctly identified, whether a molecular target is merely predicted or physically engaged, whether perturbation of that target changes a relevant pathway, and whether the pathway contributes to the observed phenotype. This perspective examines why those questions should remain analytically separate and proposes a graded evidence ladder
Written by Youssef Hariri
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
Selecting a plant in-vitro production platform is often treated as a practical comparison among biomass growth, metabolite titre, transformability, and scale. That framing is incomplete when specialized-metabolite biosynthesis depends on differentiated cell identity, intercellular pathway partitioning, tissue-specific transport, or developmentally regulated competence. This original comparative decision article evaluates callus, suspension cells, hairy roots, and regenerated plants as biological
Written by David Osei
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
Microbial biotransformation offers access to selective oxidation, glycosylation, halogenation, methylation, amination, and other modifications of structurally complex plant natural products, yet catalytic possibility alone provides a poor basis for choosing useful transformations. A candidate reaction may be chemically plausible but fail because the relevant enzyme does not accept the scaffold, generates an unsuitable regioisomer or stereoisomer, performs differently in a microbial host, produce
Written by Kristian Eriksen
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
Metabolomics can resolve striking chemical differences among medicinal-plant samples, but multivariate separation does not by itself identify the biological meaning of those differences. Similar clustering patterns may arise from inherited variation, population structure, geography, developmental stage, harvest timing, tissue composition, post-harvest processing, or analytical batch effects. This article develops an original evaluation framework for deciding when metabolomic differentiation can
Written by Mikko Lahtinen
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
Natural-product structures are commonly communicated as finished molecular identities, yet the analytical evidence underlying a drawing is heterogeneous in what it can establish. High-resolution mass spectrometry constrains elemental composition and fragmentation-compatible substructures; NMR defines connectivity and, with suitable restraints or calculations, stereochemical relationships; chiroptical methods can support absolute configuration; and biosynthetic reasoning can test chemical coheren
Written by Omar Zayed
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
Natural products can advance discovery while remaining dependent on biological resources and production routes that are fragile, variable, or incompletely developed. Resupply is therefore not only a downstream manufacturing problem; it can influence whether a chemically or pharmacologically attractive candidate remains developable. This article develops an original translational resource-risk model that brings supply considerations forward to lead selection without treating ecological vulnerabil
Written by Wei Zhang
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
Conventional extraction-based phytochemical analysis can identify many plant constituents but removes the anatomical context needed to determine where specialized metabolites accumulate, co-occur, or change within medicinal and bioactive plants. Mass-spectrometry imaging (MSI) addresses this spatial gap, although ion images differ substantially in chemical-identification confidence, quantitative meaning, and biological interpretability. This scoping review mapped peer-reviewed Q1 literature publ
Written by Rafael Mendoza
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
Natural-product dereplication was established to reduce repeated isolation of known chemistry, but its practical meaning has broadened as mass spectrometry, molecular networking, public repositories, structure-prediction tools, and specialized databases have become integrated into discovery workflows. This review examines how the intellectual and technological organization of dereplication changed and whether the principal constraint shifted from detecting known compounds toward interpreting and
Written by Sara Al-Fahd
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
Species belonging to the genus Panax are highly vulnerable to surrounding environmental conditions and frequently encounter continuous-cropping obstacle (CCO) issues when grown on a large scale. Ginsenosides, which constitute the chief active ingredients in the roots of these plants, function as important allelochemicals that promote CCO. Previous investigations tracked the fate of Panax notoginseng (PN, also called Sanqi ginseng) constituents in rhizosphere soil mainly through LC-based analysis
Written by Youssef Hariri
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
In the field of aquaculture, various feed additives have been investigated. Panax ginseng Meyer, a traditional herbal supplement, has shown promising results across multiple farmed aquatic species. However, studies on its application in Penaeus vannamei, a major aquaculture shrimp species, are still scarce. This research examined the impacts of P. ginseng on P. vannamei, focusing on growth performance, innate immune parameters, and the intestinal microbiome. Juvenile shrimp received standard com
Written by David Osei
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) has been the subject of extensive research due to its wide range of health benefits. Nevertheless, its specific impact on melanoma is still not fully elucidated. The current work examined the anti-melanoma properties of GRh2 along with the underlying mechanisms involved. MTT assays, EdU staining, flow cytometry, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), confocal microscopy, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, immunoblotting, and a B16F10 cell-bearing
Written by Kristian Eriksen
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury represents a primary etiology of mortality on a global scale, presenting a critical challenge to cardiovascular well-being. Prior research indicates that Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts suppressive effects on inflammatory cascade activation, oxidative stress, and myocardial damage, implying its potential utility as a therapeutic intervention for MI/R injury. Nevertheless, the precise underlying molecular mechanisms require more comprehensive investigation. An
Written by Mikko Lahtinen
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
Hepatic steatosis, a pathological condition defined by the abnormal buildup of lipids within liver tissue, can be mitigated through the upregulation of autophagy. Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix (PCRR), a botanical remedy conventionally prescribed for the management of atherosclerosis, hepatitis, and cholelithiasis, has recently been shown to exert anti-steatotic properties in hepatic environments. Nevertheless, the precise bioactive components and the molecular pathways driving these effect
Written by Omar Zayed
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
Online affinity-based ligand screening utilizing liquid chromatography (LC) integrated with various detection systems is a prevalent strategy for isolating bioactive constituents from herbal medicines (HMs). Nonetheless, the occurrence of false-positive results remains a widespread challenge due to inadequate data documentation regarding the formation and stability of the ligand-protein complex. To address this limitation and enhance the reliability of identified hits, this study developed a pos
Written by Wei Zhang
Published on Vol 4 Issue 2, 2024
Neuroinflammation constitutes the primary pathological mechanism underlying neurodegeneration, with chronic neuroinflammatory responses driving detrimental secondary damage to neural tissues. Polygonum multiflorum is a traditional Eastern medicinal herb historically utilized as a hematopoietic agent and applied in the management of diverse pathological conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory efficacy of standard, commercially available P. multifl
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