Epidemiology and Pathology of Granulosa Cell Tumors: Insights from Nine Ovarian Tumor Cases

Granulosa cell tumors are malignant neoplasms that arise from the sexual cords and ovarian stroma. This study reviews the characteristics of 9 cases of granulosa cell tumors, with findings drawn from the existing literature. Among the cases, eight patients had adult-type granulosa tumors, while one patient had the juvenile form. The age of the patients ranged from 29 to 75 years, with a predominance of postmenopausal women (77.77%). The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal-pelvic pain (77.77%) and abdominal-pelvic masses (55.55%), followed by endocrine symptoms such as metrorrhagia (22.22%), and dysuria in one patient. Histologically, most cases showed typical microscopic features, including a diffuse tumor proliferation pattern with nuclear grooves present in all cases and Call-Exner bodies observed in two-thirds of cases. Surgical resection is the primary treatment approach, with the extent of surgery guided by the tumor stage and the patient’s overall health status. Although adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation may be used in certain cases, the optimal treatment strategy remains unclear due to the rarity of these tumors and the absence of large-scale clinical studies.