Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a multifactorial metabolic disorder primarily marked by impaired insulin secretion and the presence of insulin resistance. If left untreated, T2DM inevitably progresses to various long-term complications. The emergence of novel therapeutic agents, such as Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), has introduced new possibilities for improved glycemic regulation and additional metabolic advantages. Pharmacogenetics, a branch of pharmacotherapy, explores how genetic polymorphisms influence individual responses to specific medications. This review focuses on the current scientific understanding of the pharmacogenetics of GLP-1 receptor agonists—particularly liraglutide—and their potential role in the personalized management of T2DM.
