Written by Michael Turner
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
To investigate the link between early excessive tacrolimus blood levels (trough concentration surpassing 20 ng/mL within the first week after surgery) and long-term graft performance in renal transplant patients, and to build a risk estimation algorithm for identifying individuals prone to such early supratherapeutic concentrations. This investigation was designed as a single-center, retrospective cohort analysis encompassing 210 kidney graft recipients (105 overexposed, 105 unexposed) after pro
In patients undergoing PCI and treated with clopidogrel, we explored whether the combination of blood glucose status and ABCB1 C3435T genetic variation could help identify those at higher risk of developing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). A total of 117 patients were included in the analysis, among whom 52 experienced MACE. Genotyping of CYP2C19 and ABCB1 C3435T was performed using fluorescence-based in situ hybridization. Clinical data, including baseline characteristics, fasting gl
Written by Hiroshi Tanaka
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor widely used in Alzheimer’s disease, but its clinical effectiveness can be limited by the need for daily oral administration and associated adherence issues. To address this limitation, long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations such as GB-5001 have been developed to enable less frequent dosing. This Phase 1, open-label, active-controlled, dose-escalation study was designed to characterize the safety profile, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharma
Population pharmacokinetic (popPK)-guided dosing of fludarabine in conditioning regimens has been shown to influence clinical outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, no popPK model has yet been specifically developed for patients receiving fludarabine as part of lymphodepletion before chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. The present study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic model of fludarabine in this setting. This prospective study was carried out a
Written by Maria Hernandez
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
Posaconazole is commonly administered as antifungal prophylaxis in individuals with hematologic malignancies. Nevertheless, considerable interindividual variability in its pharmacokinetic profile can result in insufficient plasma exposure and subsequent prophylaxis failure. Evidence from real-world settings regarding the pharmacokinetics of posaconazole tablets and intravenous formulations in East Asian populations is still scarce. This study was conducted to assess plasma posaconazole concentra
The antiplatelet agent clopidogrel requires metabolic activation by the CYP2C19 enzyme to exert its effects. Individual responses to this medication are influenced by genetic variants in the CYP2C19 gene. In this study, we systematically examined the distribution of CYP2C19 alleles, genotype patterns, and predicted phenotype categories among cardiovascular disease patients originating from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. These findings are intended to serve as a resource for guiding more personalize
Written by Claire Martin
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
Opioid agents are commonly administered to control cough during fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB). Nevertheless, data defining the optimal remifentanil dosing when FOB is performed under ciprofol sedation remains insufficient. The present study was designed to determine the effective concentrations (EC) of remifentanil needed to attenuate bronchoscopy-related responses in elderly patients undergoing FOB with ciprofol sedation. Patients between 60 and 90 years of age with an American Society of Anest
Written by Ahmed Mansour
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
Sirolimus is an immunosuppressive agent frequently prescribed following solid organ transplantation. It exhibits a narrow therapeutic index and substantial interpatient pharmacokinetic variability, making it essential to understand the factors contributing to this variability and to develop individualized dosing strategies. This work sought to establish a population pharmacokinetic model of sirolimus in adults following liver transplantation and to use it as a basis for optimizing dose selection
Written by Daniel Fischer
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
Burkholderia species are opportunistic bacteria encountered in clinical settings, most frequently affecting individuals with cystic fibrosis. In our observations, members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) were also detected in patients with respiratory infections caused by viruses such as H7N9 influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, systematic investigation of Bcc co-infections with respiratory viruses remains limited. Accordingly, this study aimed to characterize COVID-19–Bcc and H7N9–B
Written by Nguyen Thanh Huy
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
The present study examined bacterial profiles and antimicrobial resistance in children with leukemia to understand how underlying malignancy influences therapeutic response to severe infections. Thirty pediatric patients aged 1–16 years (18 males, 12 females) were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical cultures identified 13 bacterial species, including both Gram-positive (n = 8) and Gram-negative (n = 5) organisms. The cohort included patients with different leukemia subtypes: most girls were diagn
Written by Fatima Zahra Amrani
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
Vancomycin is frequently administered for treating periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), with serum trough levels routinely monitored to ensure therapeutic adequacy. However, the extent to which measured concentrations actually remain within the desired range during treatment is not well defined. In addition, the frequency of necessary dose modifications and patient characteristics that contribute to subtherapeutic or supratherapeutic levels have not been sufficiently explored. Accordingly, the
Written by Bruno Martins
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
Genetic variation in the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is considered one of the contributors to interindividual differences in responses to opioid analgesics in pediatric patients. This study aimed to explore the relationship between OPRM1 polymorphisms and the occurrence of acute postoperative pain across different pediatric age groups. This prospective investigation included 110 children undergoing plastic or orthopedic surgical procedures. Participants were genotyped and then randomly alloca
Written by Hiroshi Nakamura
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
X-linked Alport syndrome (XLAS) is a rare hereditary nephropathy characterized by defects in type IV collagen. It represents the most common subtype of Alport syndrome, with an estimated prevalence of around 1 in 10,000, roughly fourfold higher than autosomal recessive forms. Here, we describe eight pediatric patients with XLAS who exhibited ongoing hematuria and proteinuria and report their outcomes after hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) administration to assess its potential as an early treatment stra
Written by Maria Gonzalez
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
To evaluate MRSA infections with a specific focus on heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) among patients with and without diabetes mellitus, and to assess differences between these two populations.Isolated S. aureus strains from diabetic and non-diabetic inpatients across four tertiary hospitals in Coastal Karnataka (South India) were assessed for methicillin resistance and enrolled in the study. Patient-related demographic and clinical information was obtained thr
Written by Ahmed El-Kholy
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
De-escalation of antibiotic therapy represents a fundamental pillar of antimicrobial stewardship efforts designed to limit the emergence and spread of drug resistance. The present research was carried out to determine how positive culture and sensitivity findings for Escherichia coli or Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) influence the de-escalation of prescribed antibiotics. A total of 256 patients with confirmed infections were included in this prospective observational investig
Written by Claire Dupont
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
We assessed the effectiveness and tolerability of butorphanol as part of a multimodal analgesic approach together with dexmedetomidine and ketorolac administered via patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) following hepatobiliary procedures, using sufentanil as the comparator. Follow-up information after surgery was gathered retrospectively for individuals who underwent hepatobiliary operations at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from March 2018 through June 2021. Cases were assigned t
Written by Sanjay Kulkarni
Published on Vol 5 , 2025
We investigated the inhibitory potential of combining linezolid with fosfomycin against biofilms formed by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm), aiming to provide a conceptual framework for managing infections associated with VREfm biofilms. This investigation used four clinical VREfm isolates (designated No. 2, No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6) sourced from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Synergy between linezolid and fosfomycin was evaluated through the checkerbo
We explored the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of dotinurad, a selective inhibitor of urate reabsorption, among hyperuricemic subjects suffering from advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) (classified as stage G3-5). A retrospective evaluation was performed on the records of 34 individuals (mean age, 68.6 ± 13.3 years; 17 male and 17 female) after a 12-month course of dotinurad, focusing on alterations in uric acid (UA) and the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR), alongside the yearly
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