Written by Antoine Danchin
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory illness that has rapidly spread around the world. The primary mode of transmission is through respiratory droplets expelled when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. This paper explores the potential indirect transmission routes of COVID-19, including water, food, air, and paper. Regarding food, we examine the possible spread through meat, frozen products, food packaging, and marketplaces, with case studies from different reg
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Written by Tatiana Hillman
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Inhibition of CCR5 (R5) has gained significant attention as a potential strategy for preventing, treating, and even curing diseases. R5, a transmembrane protein, plays a crucial role in HIV infection by interacting with the CD4 receptor and CXCR4 (X4) on T cells, facilitating HIV binding to lymphocytes. Given the success of drugs such as maraviroc, which target R5, researchers have hypothesized that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting R5 could provide an effective treatment for HIV. However,
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Written by Nevin Sanlier
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the COVID-19 pandemic, is a major global public health challenge with severe outcomes worldwide. A robust immune system plays a crucial role in limiting the spread of the virus and supporting recovery. While several nutrients are important for immune function, vitamin D is particularly important in bolstering immunity. This review aimed to investigate the interplay between viral infection, immune response, and vitamin D in determining the prognosis of COVID-19.
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Written by Tamerlan Tulegenovich Zakaev
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that between 9% and 45% of people are affected by musculoskeletal disorders, and around 3% of the population may become disabled due to bone and joint diseases, and almost all of these people experience significant pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed to alleviate this pain. This article reviews the use of NSAIDs in the management of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, as well as their effects on the body. A
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Written by Gilmara Gomes de Assis
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Leptin, derived from the Greek word “leptose” meaning thinness, was discovered in 1994 through the isolation of the obesity gene. This protein hormone, with a helical structure akin to cytokines, is primarily produced and released by subcutaneous fat cells in a pulsatile pattern, peaking near midnight. Leptin plays an important role in regulating energy balance and metabolism, and significantly influences body weight. Despite extensive research on leptin, studies on the effect of physical activi
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Written by Ana Ribeiro
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
A national medicine policy (NMP), previously known as a national drug policy (NDP), represents a governmental pledge and strategic framework designed to ensure that medicines are safe, effective, of reliable quality, accessible, affordable, and used rationally. This study provides the first comprehensive examination of how the 16 countries within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) have implemented various components of their NMPs over a ten-year period (2011–2021). Published mater
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Written by Zoltán Kovács
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Medical care includes services such as diagnosis, treatment, nursing, and rehabilitation, all aimed at maintaining or restoring the body’s health. Payments for these services cover a range of activities, from routine checkups to disease management. In low-income countries, individuals often bear a large portion of healthcare costs out-of-pocket, reaching up to 60% of total spending, compared with about 20% in high-income nations. Willingness to pay (WTP) reflects the maximum amount a person is r
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Written by Joseph Kim
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
In Ethiopia, greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector are rising rapidly, with enteric fermentation and manure deposited on pastures contributing the majority of emissions. A study was carried out to determine the anti-nutrient profile and methane-suppressing potential of extracts derived from widely used Ethiopian medicinal plants, using maize stover as the basal substrate in an in vitro rumen simulation system.The total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and essential oil contents of th
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Written by Luis Mendoza
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Aging arises from numerous biological influences, including genetic factors, oxidative stress, metabolic imbalance, immune dysregulation, and alterations in sex hormones. This review summarizes how Epimedium may slow aging by examining six major dimensions: gene-related actions, antioxidant capacity, metabolic effects, immune modulation, hormone-related regulation, and clinical performance.Through an extensive survey of existing research, the goal was to identify the possible pharmacological pat
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Written by Mohammad Alavi
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Concerns over the environmental and health impacts of synthetic dyes have intensified interest in natural dyes as sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Despite this potential, natural dyes have traditionally produced limited color ranges and exhibited poor fastness, and research exploring their broader applications remains scarce. Beyond coloration, natural dyes can impart additional functional properties to textiles, including antibacterial and UV-protective effects. This study presents a
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Written by Lim Wei Sheng
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
To identify risk factors for osteoporosis and develop a predictive model incorporating conventional clinical data and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome patterns. From December 2019 to January 2022, a multi-stage sampling approach was used to recruit adults aged 30–82 years from 12 community-level districts or rural towns in Shanghai, Jilin Province, and Jiangsu Province. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were employed to examine risk factors and construct osteop
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Written by Thabo Mokoena
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Sepsis is increasingly recognized not just as an infection-triggered systemic inflammatory response but as a life-threatening condition marked by organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response. Among its most severe consequences is multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), which significantly worsens patient prognosis. Currently, effective pharmacological interventions for sepsis and sepsis-induced MODS are limited, and mortality remains high. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
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Written by Arjun Patel
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Managing blood glucose levels is essential to reduce perinatal complications in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Insulin therapy often necessitates frequent hospital visits for dose adjustment, which can be inconvenient for pregnant patients. Telemedicine offers a potential approach to minimize these visits, with prior studies indicating its safety in GDM care. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of telemedicine in GDM management, focusing on patient satisfaction and economic ou
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Written by Daniel O’Connor
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
This work aimed to investigate both the antibacterial potential and the phytochemical composition of six medicinal plants long utilized in local traditional remedies for various illnesses. Methanol-based extracts from these species were evaluated for antimicrobial performance through Agar well diffusion assays and Microtiter broth dilution techniques. Among the tested materials, the root extract of Andrachne aspera produced the largest inhibition zones against S. epidermidis, showing statistical
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Written by Yousef Abdelrahman
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Encouraging farmers to engage in environmentally responsible production is essential for raising rural incomes, improving sectoral performance, and maintaining ecological stability. This research examines what shapes farmers’ green production behavior in Cheifeng, China, using a binary logistic model applied to 860 household-level observations. The analysis shows that only 54.5% of surveyed families practiced green production, indicating a clear gap that requires targeted support. The findings r
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Written by Matteo Ricci
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
This study investigates how traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing influences the alleviation of postoperative pain in individuals undergoing surgery for anorectal conditions. Six databases—three in English (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library) and three in Chinese (China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database)—were comprehensively searched for case-control or prospective research assessing TCM-based nursing for postoperative anorectal pain,
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Written by Paulo Andrade
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a complex gynecological condition that poses a growing public health challenge worldwide. Recently, acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine has been explored as a therapeutic strategy for POI, but its effectiveness and safety remain uncertain. This study aimed to systematically review and quantitatively analyze the impact of integrating acupuncture with Chinese herbal therapy on POI outcomes.A comprehensive search of eight electronic databases w
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Written by Mustafa Al Khaldi
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
There is a shortage of evidence regarding the stability and safe use of normal saline stored under stressful conditions within ambulances. Our objective was to evaluate how exposure to extreme temperature fluctuations affects the stability of normal saline and its compatibility with the packaging materials. Ninety-six polyolefin bags of normal saline were exposed to constant temperatures of 22, 50, or 70 °C, or to cycles of 70 °C for 8 hours and 22 °C for 16 hours. Bags were sampled at set inter
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