Asthma represents a persistent inflammatory condition affecting the airways. Viola odorata has long been utilized in traditional medicine for managing various inflammatory disorders. This research sought to examine the potential anti-inflammatory actions of the aqueous extract derived from V. odorata in an experimental mouse model of asthma. A total of forty-eight female Balb/c mice were assigned to six groups, with eight mice per group. The normal control group was given distilled water, whereas asthma was induced in the other groups via ovalbumin sensitization. Following this, one asthmatic group was treated with dexamethasone, while three others received the extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg daily for seven days. Afterward, eosinophil numbers and concentrations of interleukins 4, 5, and 13 were quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Lung sections were examined for pathological modifications. Treatment led to a marked decline in both eosinophil numbers and interleukin 4, 5, and 13 concentrations within BALF. Mice receiving the extract showed diminished goblet cell hyperplasia, lymphoid hyperplasia, as well as reduced inflammation around bronchi and vessels. Across all assessed indicators, the outcomes from V. odorata aqueous extract mirrored those achieved with dexamethasone. This investigation marks the initial documentation of anti-inflammatory benefits from V. odorata aqueous extract in an allergic asthma mouse model. Consequently, the findings position V. odorata as a candidate for further development as a therapeutic option targeting asthma-related inflammation.
