The combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab has shown encouraging outcomes in treating metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its effectiveness in NSCLC patients who relapse after durvalumab consolidation following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) remains unclear. This retrospective study analyzed clinical records of NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab between January 2021 and June 2022 after prior CCRT and durvalumab. A cohort of 30 individuals was included. Patients received a median of 11 durvalumab cycles. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with the combination therapy were 4.2 months (95% CI: 0.7–7.7) and 18.5 months (95% CI: 3.5–33.5), respectively. PFS at 6 and 12 months was 46.7% (95% CI: 28.8–64.5) and 36.4% (95% CI: 19.0–53.7). Multivariate analysis revealed that receiving durvalumab for at least 6 months was significantly associated with improved PFS (p = 0.04) and OS (p = 0.001). Grade 3 toxicities, including pneumonitis, skin inflammation, and colitis, occurred in 10% of the cases. These findings suggest the nivolumab–ipilimumab regimen may be a viable and tolerable option, particularly for patients who completed at least 6 months of durvalumab prior to relapse.
