Written by Katarzyna Szklener
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Genetic alterations in the ALK gene occur in approximately 3-5% of cases of non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These rearrangements are critical in determining how cancer cells respond to treatment with ALK inhibitors. However, over time, some patients may develop resistance, leading to disease progression. In such cases, performing genetic analysis is crucial to detect new mutations that could be driving resistance, enabling healthcare providers to select the most appropriate next
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Written by Kirti Amresh Gautam
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, and occasionally occurs in men. The majority of deaths related to breast cancer, over 90%, are due to delayed detection, which allows the disease to spread to other organs. The diagnostic process usually involves a biopsy, supported by imaging techniques such as MRI and CT scans, to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment planning. This review examines various treatment strategies, including chemothe
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Written by Dobrina Tsvetkova
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
The focus of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of novel peptide esters derived from galantamine—GAL-LEU and GAL-VAL—on the PC3 prostate cancer cell line. To assess the cytotoxicity of these compounds, the MTT assay, a method that quantifies cellular metabolic activity through the reduction of MTT to formazan, was used. PC3 cells were exposed to different concentrations (ranging from 1.875 μM to 30 μM) of the peptide esters in triplicate. The absorbance of the formazan produ
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Written by Anshoo Agarwal
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Benign gallbladder disorders are frequently observed and generally resolve without long-term effects. However, some of these conditions are associated with an increased risk of gallbladder cancer, while others can lead to malignancy. This review aims to inform surgeons of the potential improvements in treatment strategies enabled by earlier recognition of GBC and to assist pathologists in refining histopathological assessments to reduce fatalities associated with delayed diagnoses. The immune ma
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Written by Dalbir Singh
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Thiazolidin-4-ones exhibit a highly adaptable and privileged core structure, consisting of a five-membered heterocyclic ring with a sulfur atom and a cyclic amide bond. Recent research, especially in the last decade, has extensively explored the various biological activities of this scaffold, highlighting its potential therapeutic applications. Several key features, such as drug-likeness, compatibility for diversity-oriented synthesis, and sensitivity to the redox environment of tumors, make it
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Written by Basma Nasr Hassan
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Heliomycin, a compound obtained from the secondary metabolites of actinomycetes bacteria, was tested for its anticancer effects, with tamoxifen serving as the reference drug. Flow cytometry, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis assays were performed, alongside real-time RT-PCR to evaluate gene expression. The expression of CK-19 was examined by immunocytochemistry, while cytopathological changes were observed using H&E staining and electron microscopy. The results of real-time PCR showed that HER-
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Written by M. Jensen
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Identifying BRAF mutations is crucial for managing advanced melanoma in treatment-naïve patients. When tumor tissue is unavailable or inadequate, liquid biopsy represents a promising alternative. This retrospective, single-center study evaluated the effectiveness of plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in detecting BRAF mutations and assessed patient outcomes following BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy initiated based on ctDNA results. A total of 46 patients (21 women, 25 men) with advanced melanoma un
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Written by R. Gomez
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors has become a standard first-line therapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), highlighting the importance of ICIs in treatment strategies. However, around one-fifth of patients fail to respond, often due to activating mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which are associated with primary resistance. Detecting Wnt/β-catenin activation through non-i
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Written by M. Rossi
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Sarcomas display considerable histological diversity, with over 70 recognized subtypes, which complicates precise classification. Although specific genetic alterations can aid pathological evaluation, routine diagnostic workflows rarely incorporate large-scale molecular profiling. In this study, we explored the utility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) to enhance the clinical management of sarcoma patients by detecting diagnostic markers, therapeutically actionable variants, and underlying heredi
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Written by Tien Yin Wong
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
This investigation compares how effectively 68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI identify prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence following initial therapy and examines how the results of these two tracers relate to clinical and pathological variables. Thirty-five men experiencing biochemical relapse (BCR) underwent restaging with 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI, and 31 of them also completed a 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI examination within a period of up to 16 days (mean interval: 3 days; range: 2–16 days). Imaging obtain
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Written by E. Agyemang
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a powerful tool for liquid biopsy (LB) to guide personalized treatment decisions in oncology. Effective clinical application requires well-defined ctDNA thresholds to detect residual disease and monitor tumor burden dynamics during therapy. In this study, we evaluated the clinical validity of the limit of blank (LOB) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for assays targeting key somatic mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC), including BRAF p.V600E and KRAS
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Written by J. Novak
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Malnutrition and sarcopenia negatively affect treatment response and clinical outcomes in cancer patients. In gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs), tumor location and hormone secretion may further exacerbate sarcopenia and its consequences. This study investigated the prevalence of malnutrition and sarcopenia in GEP-NEN patients and explored their associations with tumor characteristics, survival outcomes, and the expression of ghrelin system components in tumor tissue. A t
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Written by Camila Sato
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) serve as crucial mediators in tumor immune escape mechanisms and in conferring resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition. In this study, we found that elevated expression of every miRNA within the miR-23a/27a/24−2 cluster was linked to worse patient outcomes, enhanced immune evasion, and reduced response to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. Increased levels of these clus
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Written by Marco E. Weber
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Despite advances in systemic therapy, metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies. Current frontline regimens, including FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel, provide limited long-term benefit, and there is no established standard of care for patients whose disease progresses after multiple lines of chemotherapy. To address this unmet need, we conducted a prospective phase II study to assess the therapeutic potential of combining TAS-102 (trifluridine
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Written by Lucas L. Zhang
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Human papillomavirus (HPV)–based testing has become the preferred strategy for population-level cervical cancer (CC) screening. Compared with HPV DNA assays, detection of HPV E6/E7 mRNA using the Aptima HPV (AHPV) test offers improved specificity, making it a promising option for primary screening. However, evidence regarding its performance across different age groups and in combination with various triage strategies remains limited. This study assessed the age-dependent effectiveness of AHPV t
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Written by Kenji Pereira
Published on Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Patients diagnosed with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experience therapeutic advantages from EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Even though third-generation agents like osimertinib have enhanced clinical outcomes, every patient eventually encounters tumor progression. Of the diverse pathways leading to TKI resistance, the role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is still not comprehensively defined. We postulated that the cellular prion protein, denoted
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