Written by Chuan Xiang Li
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Accurate diagnosis of lesions and tumors in the salivary glands demands an in-depth knowledge of their complex cellular structure. These glands comprise various cell types, such as epithelial, ductal, mesenchymal, and myoepithelial cells, which together create a multifaceted architecture that complicates the diagnostic process. In addition, external influences such as infections, viruses, and genetic mutations can contribute to changes in salivary gland function and pathology. Consequently, unde
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Written by S. P. Ashwin
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Oxidative stress arises when the generation of free radicals exceeds the capacity of the body’s antioxidant defense and repair mechanisms, leading to unchecked oxidative damage. These reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly contribute to molecular degradation, promote neoplastic alterations at the cellular level, and exert a profound impact on all phases of the cancer development process. In the Indian subcontinent, oral potentially malignant disorders such as leukoplakia and oral submucous
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Written by Joanna Rypel
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast represents a rare basal-like subtype that can exhibit cribriform, solid, tubular, or trabecular architectural features. Histologically, breast ACC exhibits a unique arrangement consisting of both epithelial and myoepithelial cells, mirroring the structure seen in its salivary gland counterpart. This report highlights an unusual presentation of breast ACC characterized by a cribriform and trabecular growth pattern. Although imaging techniques are valua
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Written by Abeer Saeed Hassan Osluf
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), or persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), is a rare condition involving abnormal development of the vitreous and retinal structures. This case report highlights a premature male infant, born at 35 weeks gestation weighing 2.135 kg, who presented with PFV, hydrocephalus, and developmental delay. The infant underwent an emergency cesarean section due to fetal distress. Antenatal ultrasound revealed significant ventriculomegaly (43 mm). Postbirth, the i
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Written by Abdulrahman Hakami
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Pulmonary carcinosarcoma (PCS) is an uncommon and aggressive cancer, characterized by a combination of epithelial and sarcomatous tissue components. It is responsible for less than 1% of all lung tumors and usually affects older male smokers. However, the clinicopathological features and biological behavior of PCS remain insufficiently explored. This study aimed to shed light on these aspects. A total of eight patients with pathologically confirmed PCS were included in this retrospective study.
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Written by Maria Lopez-Ramos
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Several studies have reported that certain cannabinoid derivatives may affect prostate cancer progression. However, their specific actions on the androgen receptor and the 5α-reductase enzyme remain ambiguous, likely due to the structural variability among cannabinoid compounds. This computational investigation aimed to explore the theoretical interactions of 20 distinct cannabinoid derivatives (identified as compounds 1 through 20) with the androgen receptor and the 5α-reductase enzyme, using t
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Written by R. Al-Jassim
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Management of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC-B) typically relies on transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), while systemic therapy is used for cases unsuitable for TACE. However, curative outcomes remain limited, prompting investigation into the role of surgical resection (SR), with or without adjunctive radiofrequency ablation (RFA). A retrospective review included 70 BCLC-B HCC patients treated with surgery as the first-line intervention between 2000 and 2022 (median age 67.
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Written by I. Horvat
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Aberrant expression of Fibulin-5 (FBLN5) has been implicated in multiple cancer types, yet its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and biological significance of FBLN5 in GC. Differential FBLN5 expression and its association with clinicopathological features were analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas-GC (TCGA-GC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The prognostic value of FBLN5 was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier survival ana
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Written by S. O'Connell
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
To better understand why patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experience variable benefit from PD-1 inhibitors, we trained machine learning models on transcriptomic data from 57 treated individuals. When ranking the genes most strongly linked with therapeutic outcome, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) displayed a pronounced enrichment of tumor-intrinsic genes (69%), in contrast to both the broader NSCLC cohort (36%) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) (33%). A signature constructed from
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Written by E. Tursunov
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Radioligands that target prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) have emerged as promising tools for both imaging and therapeutic strategies in prostate cancer. Yet, heterogeneous expression of these receptors in tumors and metastatic lesions can limit the effectiveness of single-target approaches. To address this limitation, dual-targeting radioligands capable of simultaneously binding PSMA and GRPR have been developed. In this study, we report th
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Written by M. Kranjc
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) has been reimbursed by Japan’s national health insurance since 2018, yet its practical benefits for patients remain uncertain. To better understand its clinical relevance, we analyzed data from 115 individuals with incurable pancreatic cancer (IPC) who underwent CGP at a Japanese cancer referral hospital between November 2019 and August 2021. Our assessment focused on genomic findings, treatments informed by CGP, and patient survival outcomes. High tumor mut
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Written by P. Srisawat
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
For patients with high-grade advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (HG-AOC), standard chemotherapy consists of carboplatin and paclitaxel, followed by maintenance treatment with bevacizumab, a PARP inhibitor, or both. The choice of maintenance strategy is influenced by homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status and BRCA1/2 alterations. This analysis included individuals newly diagnosed with HG-AOC between December 2019 and December 2021. Tumor HRD status was determined using the Myriad myChoi
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Written by R. Nasser
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Predicting survival remains a critical challenge in oncology and palliative care, with few reliable tools available. In this study, we explored whether combining wrist actigraphy, patient-reported sleep diaries, and standard clinical parameters could improve prognostic accuracy in advanced cancer. Fifty outpatients with an anticipated survival of under one year participated, wearing an Actiwatch® device for eight days and recording sleep patterns. Data from 66 variables were analyzed using univa
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Written by A. Kask
Published on Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
To investigate the clinical features, management strategies, and outcomes of metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients exhibiting atypical responses (AR) during PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. We conducted a retrospective review of 926 patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors at three academic centers. Tumor responses were evaluated using RECIST version 1.1. AR was identified in 56 patients (6.1%), with a median onset of 2 months after initiating therapy. Pati
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