Several species of the genus Allium have been shown to exert beneficial effects on serum lipid parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic activity of Allium affine in a glucocorticoid-induced hyperlipidemia model in rats. A hydroalcoholic extract of A. affine was prepared using the maceration technique, and its total phenolic content was quantified. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to eight experimental groups. Group I received the vehicle alone, while Group II was administered A. affine extract (400 mg/kg, orally). Hyperlipidemia was induced in Group III by subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (10 mg/kg/day). Group IV served as a positive control and received dexamethasone along with atorvastatin (40 mg/kg, orally). Groups V–VIII were treated with dexamethasone in combination with A. affine extract at doses of 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg, administered orally. All treatments were continued for seven consecutive days. Following an overnight fast, serum levels of glucose, lipid parameters, liver enzymes, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Liver weights were recorded, and histopathological examinations were performed. The total phenolic content of the A. affine extract was determined to be 11.24 ± 1.7 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract. Treatment with A. affine extract resulted in a significant reduction in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and MDA levels. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations. Histological analysis revealed that A. affine administration alleviated dexamethasone-induced hepatic steatosis. The results indicate that Allium affine possesses promising antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective properties. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm its clinical effectiveness and to elucidate the active phytochemical constituents and underlying mechanisms responsible for its lipid-lowering effects.
