This paper reviews the increased cardiovascular risks associated with spinal cord injury (SCI), focusing on the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and both immediate and long-term effects. It identifies several potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases post-SCI, including reduced physical activity, low HDL cholesterol levels, higher body fat percentage, poor glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, psychosocial influences, and emerging risk factors associated with SCI. Appropriate nutritional counseling and intervention are critical because individuals with SCI often consume insufficient nutrition. Screening for cardiovascular risk factors and assessing the global risk for coronary heart disease are essential steps in prevention. Research suggests that people with chronic SCI are more likely to experience poor glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia. Key management strategies for these patients involve weight control, dietary changes, physical activity, and blood sugar management. Successful prevention of cardiovascular disease requires the active involvement of both patients and healthcare providers.
