Structural and Mechanical Analysis of Erythrocyte Membranes Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Red blood cells (RBCs) are crucial for the transportation of oxygen throughout the body and the removal of carbon dioxide. Understanding the structure and mechanical properties of RBC membranes is critical for identifying potential diseases associated with membrane dysfunction. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an effective technique for investigating the nanoscale features of erythrocyte membranes, providing high-resolution imaging and precise mechanical property data. This article focuses on the experimental approach used to investigate the membrane structure of erythrocytes and the insights gained. AFM was used to assess the morphology and elastic properties of blood cells, with quantitative measurements of the cell membrane’s elastic modulus performed using force spectroscopy. The elastic modulus was observed to change based on both the location of the indentation and the duration of contact with the membrane. Furthermore, a significant relationship was identified between the indentation rate and the estimated elastic modulus.